Everything You Need To Know About Backpacks

We have all seen backpacks but just what are they made from and where do they originate from. Although people had been carry packs around on their backs for many years it was not until the 1910's in the USA was the name backpack introduced. Prior to the introduction of the word these types of packs were more commonly referred to as either a knapsack or a packsack, whilst in Britain these were referred to as rucksacks. The word rucksack derives from a German word "der rucken" which actually means back in English. In some other countries they are known as haversacks whilst the British Military Forces refer to them as Bergen's. This name originates from the manufacturers name Bergan and in most cases you will find that the frame is external to the pack compared to those used today by hikers, mountain climber etc.

However today the backpack is actually more often seen being used by students as a way of carrying all the equipment and materials that they need for school or college each day. The one main difference between this type of backpack and those use for hiking etc., are that they do not contain a rigid frame, plus will have far fewer pockets on them. Also a lot of these types of backpacks come with safety features including reflective panels so that the wearer can easily be seen especially at night when traveling to and from school. Many colleges and universities today now sell their own backpacks which have been emblazoned with their logo upon them. In order to prevent any form of serious injury to the wearer these packs come with shoulder straps that are well padded and the back area of them has been reinforced to help counteract the weight of the heavy books that many students will need to carry during the school day.

People will generally use a backpack when they need to carry heavy loads for any extended period of time. The reason for this is that a person's shoulders are actually better suited to bearing any time of additional weight for extended periods of time than the hands are. Such backpacks as the Osprey Atmost 65 and new ultra light version which is ideal for extended hiking trips are extremely useful. They allow a person to carry weights of up to 70kg's easily as it allows for most of the weight to be offloaded onto the padded hip belt so this then leaves the shoulder straps to do the job of actually stabilizing the load whilst being carried. Not only does this mean that someone is more able to carry heavy loads comfortably, but with any type of backpacks now available it helps to improve a person's balance as well as making them much more agile as the weight has been placed nearer to the center of their own body mass.

Beach Camping Tips

Most people think about the mountains or forests for camping. However, camping on the beach can be a great alternative. The sand and water provide plenty of activities for summertime fun. This can be a great bonding experience for the entire family.

Many public beaches do not allow camping, so do some research before making a trek. There are a lot of places where camping is allowed, though. Research the areas you are considering before choosing a place, as there may be some restrictions. Many places have rules as far as what vehicles are allowed on the beach, if any. There may also be restrictions on materials that are allowed. Many beaches do not allow bottles because of the danger of glass breakage. You may also have particular fire restrictions where fires are allowed only in certain places or under specific conditions.

The beach can provide a lot of fun activities. Have a sand castle building contest where the most unique and well-built castle wins a prize. Swimming is a lot of fun but make sure you are aware of any warning signs that are posted and do not use inflatable floats in high surf. Boogey boarding and surfing are great fun and many areas will have lessons for those who are new to it. Often there are rental stands for jet skis and boats as well. Snorkeling or scuba diving will provide you a view of undersea life. Pack some books of sea creatures native to the area to look up what they are when you see them.

Make sure that you pay attention to any posted warning signs. These may caution against tides, currents, sharks or environmental dangers which could endanger your life. Do not swim if there are posted signs and always be aware of your surroundings. Remember that the sun reflecting off the water intensifies the exposure so wear plenty of sunscreen and reapply often.

The temperature near the water drops substantially at night, so even if it is very hot during the day, pack warmer clothes for night time. Be aware of tides and set up camp so that you have plenty of room between your site and the water. Nothing can ruin a camping experience faster then getting awakened by the tide entering your tent or washing away your belongings.

Cooking at the beach is a great time to get out the seafood and grill shrimp, crabs, lobster or fish. Sitting around a cozy fire with the sun setting and the ocean as a back drop is a relaxing and enjoyable time. Be a considerate camper and remember that other people will use the facilities. When you leave the area, make sure you leave nothing behind, all fires are completely out, and everything is cleaned.

American Express Travel Says Mammoth, California is Great Fun in Both Summer and Winter

American Express Vacations affirms one of the most popular vacation spots for adventure travelers is Mammoth, California. This year round resort offers travelers a wide variety of activities and entertainment. Mammoth is also surprisingly luxurious–offering several spas, fine dinning choices and upscale lodging. Mammoth is a great choice for vacationers who wish to experience the rugged beauty of the Californian Sierras and relax in elegant resorts.

Winter in Mammoth

Wintertime is one of the most popular seasons for travelers according to American Express Travel. In fact, Mammoth made its name as a winter resort. The name Mammoth actually refers to the large ski slope, which was so large, it was referred to as "Mammoth Slope." Thus, the area retained that name. The near by town is called Mammoth Lakes. The town is little more than a village, with a permanent population at about 500. However, the winter population is often ten times that. Mammoth Lakes actually has more condos than stores or restaurants. These condos can be rented on a weekly basis and range in price. The average price for a weekly condo in the winter is about $2000. Mammoth also offers several luxury resorts, including the Mammoth Inn, which is literally across the street from the most popular ski slope. For more conservative travelers, there are a number of budget inns and motels.

Summer in Mammoth

Despite the booming winter business of skiing, Mammoth is also quite popular in the summer time. There are a number of American Express Travel Deals in the early part of the summer before the crowds come in. Early June is best for weather and availability. Again, there are a number of options for accommodations in the summer, with more availability in the condos. Prices are also marginally less.

The travel attractions during the summer season are different than the winter season. Although there is no snow for the skiing masses, adventure travel enthusiast still flock to this location. From the Mammoth Inn, travelers can purchase bus tickets to be taken to Devil's Post Pile National Monument for $7.00 per person. This provides access to a number of scenic areas, including the geological wonder, Devil's Post Pile, the gorgeous Rainbow Falls and the peaceful Reds Meadow. The bus stops at ten different locations, and the traveler must hike from where the bus parks to see the sights. The hike to Devil's Post Pile is pretty mild, and most people say it's not that difficult. The hike to the top of the monument is quite strenuous, and is not recommended for the elderly or children with asthma, however. The hike to Rainbow Falls is also quite strenuous, as is the continuation to the Lower Falls. Make sure to bring at least two 12 ounce bottles if you plan to do more than Devil's Post Pile. Reds Meadow is quite breathtaking, but is a longer and strenuous hike, but the view is worth it.

With so much to see and do, it is no surprise that the active traveler is attracted to Mammoth Mountain. American Express Travel offers a number of packages that include some guided hikes and tours, combined with some of the best accommodations in Mammoth Lakes. Find out why active travelers love Mammoth!

Zion National Park - A True Utah Outdoor Adventure

Zion National Park is world-renowned for its massive sandstone cliffs and red canyon walls. Visitors come from all over the world (an annual average of about 3 million) to explore the park's 229 square miles of desert valleys filled to the brim with lush vegetation and flowing water.

The Virgin River has formed Zion Canyon over many, many centuries through the process of erosion, leaving behind beautiful canyons, waterfalls, and majestic monoliths. With such a diversified landscape, Zion National Park offers an extensive number of activities for visitors of all ages and interests.

One of Zion's most popular attractions is the Narrows, a dramatic gorge in the upper reaches of the park that was carved by the downstream flow of the Virgin River. The Narrows are 16 miles long with canyon walls up to 2000 feet high and at times, only 20 feet wide. The river water is clean and clear, a stunning contrast to the sandstone cliffs that envelope it. Hiking the Narrows means actually trekking through the Virgin River; there is no set hiking trail or path, you just follow the river. This means the majority of the hike will be spent walking or wading, perhaps even swimming in the water. Certainly not for the faint of heart and more apt for true outdoor enthusiasts, the Narrows is no doubt one of the most breathtaking and scenic areas of the park.

Besides the countless trails to hike, there are numerous other activities to take part in throughout the park. Rock climbing, canyoneering, and mountain biking are just a few. Other popular activities for people who want to spend more than one day in Zion is camping (at one of two campgrounds within the park) or even overnight backpacking. Zion offers spectaculars shots for the photographer and bird watching is a favorite with over 270 species inhabiting the park.

So enjoy natural splendor at its finest in Zion National Park, a true Utah outdoor adventure.

Penang Malaysia, Cycling To Penang, Pearl Of The Orient

Living in north Malaysia one can not avoid going to Penang. I have been on and of cycling to Penang dozens of time by now. Sometimes local Malaysian look surprised when they hear I do that. In fact it's all not difficult. But is it a pleasure? Well, depending on from where you come, it's good to do.

Cycling to Penang from Pulau Pangkor

Pulau Pangkor is located about 190 km south of Penang. For most people 190 km is too much to cycle in one day. The good news is that there are a few towns in between Pangkor and Penang where you find hotels.

Leaving Pangkor, Sitiawan, where I live is nearby, there are two roads north to Taiping. One follows the road to Ayer Tawar and then Bruas, the second, much preferred by locals who drive a car, goes along the coast to Pantai Remis, 35 away from Pangkor, Here's a very nice and clean hotel. If you decide to take this road, there's a few slight hills on the way. The turtle breeding station near Segari is worth a stop.
A few km after Pantai Remis you can leave this sometimes very busy road using the junction to Bruas. This road runs for about 10 km. At the end, you come at a T junction, you follow the direction to Trong and Taiping, 30 km further on. Going straight leads you also to Trong and Taiping.

Taiping is a really neat city. The Taiping zoo is a must visit, I think. The setting in the hills and the way the zoo has organized their animals is good done and it will give you a good day. The nearby Maxwell Hills and Lake Gardens are beautiful. After Taiping, you can cycle north, following road number 1. However, you do some nicer roads. Follow the direction to Kamunting and then to Gerik. You will follow the hills on your right hand. It's a pleasant and easy ride. After about 15 km you will follow the direction to Bagan Serai. This road is very quiet and swindles through the hills though is never busy.

At the junction with road 1, you can straight to Kuala Gula and Kuala Kurau. It goes through the flat lands and plantations. Kuala Kurau is 20 km from here.

In Kuala Kurau you have no choice, you have to go to Parit Buntar, there's hotels in town and follow road 1 to Penang. This is not a pleasant road to cycle. It's a busy road with lots of trucks and cars and follows many smaller towns before it comes to the junction to Bukit Mertajam.
From here you have to follow the motorway. Be careful, cars and trucks are used to motorbikes here so it is not impossible to cycle here but certainly not a pleasure. From the bridge it's 9 km to the Butterworth ferry.

Cycling in China, Yangshuo near Guilin

This road is less traveled by tourist but it's worth to do so. As a cyclist myself, I have done this road a few times up and down, so to say. If you have already seen Langkawi and want to go into Thailand a different way, this is an excellent opportunity.

I will skip how to cycle to Betong, you can read it here. Betong is the Thai border town in south Thailand. The town is small and little used by foreigners but many Malaysians from Penang and other areas in north west Malaysia come here regularly for shopping.

The border is 7km away from the city center. A cyclist needs to know the road from Betong goes all the way up, never steep though. The border is easy and quick. After the border you follow simply the direction to Butterworth, the mainland city opposite of Georgetown, Penang. Pengkalan Hulu can be your first stop, there's hotels and banks and only 7km from the border.

After Pengkalan Hulu the next major town will be Baling. Like Pengkalan Hulu there's hotels too and it's a pleasant overnight stay here. The town is surrounded by hills and there's some great walks to make in the surrounding. In fact, it's a much overlooked tourist area but worth a visit.

You will find some more serious climbing on the way to Baling. Although the road is not going very high there's a few short but steep parts. But as it usually goes, what goes, must come down too.
After Baling, the road will continue to be quiet for many kilometers. In fact, until some kilometers before Kulim, it will be quiet though the road looks like a major motorway. After Kulim it will be busier but there's a motorbike lane so you will be safe. The part on the motorway from Kulim to Penang is not pleasant, neither beautiful. Alternatively you can go into Kulim and follow the directions to Butterworth on old roads, mostly following busy towns. But this too, is not really appealing. Both roads are busy with trucks, busses and cars.

The closer you come to Penang, the busier the road and the less there is to see. Cycling to Penang from Betong is about 100km.

Cycling to Penang from the north

Cycling to Penang from the north is not recommended as it follows mostly big busy roads and there's not much to hold your breath. A nicer option is to take the boat from Penang to Langkawi and then a boat to Satun.

Bukit Mertajam junction to Butterworth ferry


Going into Butterworth is not a pleasant experience. There's one nice road in but it is hard to find, and even locals do not know it as it follows small roads where cars can't come. If you want to use this road, please email me.

Cycling to Penang is not for everyone

Cycling to Penang with Johan, near Pantai Remis


Cycling to Penang is not for everyone. It's a statement I hear every once in a while. I disagree. Why would it be easier for me than for you? A good example cycling to Penang is absolute possible for everyone is my journey with Johan, a 9 years old boy from Penang. Johan and I cycled the distance from Pangkor to Penang in 4 days, without a problem. Johan was cycling on a child bicycle with no gears. If he can cycle this distance, everybody can do it.

An Introduction to Men Zoot Suit

A zoot suit is a showy style of clothing, which became most popular during the 1930s and 40s. At that time, it was coupled with certain alternative groups in the United States, like Chicanos and African-Americans. The zoot suit was also related in well-liked culture with most in youth gangs and jazz music. Today, most people think of jazz and swing civilization when they come across term zoot suit.

The zoot suit is normally an extra-large suit, with wide-legged pants collected at the ankles, or tramas, and an extended jacket with big shoulder pads, known as carlango. The surplus amounts of fabric essential to make a zoot suit made the fashion a sign of display. The zoot suit is naturally worn for bureaucrat occasions and often accessorized with a long watch string on the pants, pointed shoes, and a very large felt hat with a feather.

The zoot suit first came in the African American jazz civilization in Harlem, New York, and was soon accepted by alternative communities in other American cities, particularly Los Angeles. The term zoot suit might get from a Mexican-American

slang articulation of "suit." Female versions of the zoot suit as well stay alive, though they are hardly ever seen today, some with knee-length skirts in its place of tramas.

Wearing zoot suits became explicitly defiant after the style was officially banned in 1942 by the federal War Production Board that believes the suits extravagant of fabric. In 1943, the alleged Zoot Suit Riots exploded in Los Angeles, where

the style was very trendy among Mexican-American youths. Soldiers and sailors on leave started beating up anyone found in a zoot suit in East Los Angeles, the heart of the Latino group of people, though African-Americans and Filipino Americans were also amid the victims. The military men as well destroyed as

many zoot suits as they could, tearing them off the wearers and burning the clothes in the streets.

In a sense, the Zoot Suit Riots cemented the fame of the fashion as a symbol of artistic pride and a stand against racism. The first Chicano play on Broadway was Luiz Valdez' melodic, Zoot Suit (1979), made into a film in 1981.

Pan For Free Gold In The Historic California Mother Lode

With the high prices of gold these days, many folks are interested in panning for gold for fun and recreation. The chances you'll strike it rich are dim, but if you will work at it, there is still gold out there to be found. Many new prospectors have a problem finding good places to prospect for gold. Many spots are either located on private property or already held as a private mining claim. As a result, many people get together and form clubs.

The prospecting clubs and acquire their own claims for the use of the members. However sometimes a new prospector would like to try his hand panning for gold at least the first few times without having to pay the money to join a prospecting club. This article describes a beautiful little spot where one can dredge, sluice, metal detect, or pan for gold, all for free. It is called Mineral Bar campground and is located where the Colfax - Iowa Hill Road crosses over the American River. In the terms of the old miners, a bar is a place where gold bearing gravel accumulates.

The North fork of the American River has been mined for its gold since the days of the 49ers. At Mineral Bar, you can get a feel for that historic time, when hearty miners struggled to win a living by working the sands and gravels of the River. The signs are all around in the form of many large piles of rocks which were left behind by the miners who worked this area. Some nice nuggets have been found here, and it is still possible to find some nice flakes without too much effort. The picture at right with the buffalo nickel shows gold flakes taken from a days panning on the North Fork of the American River and Mineral Bar. If you know how to pan for gold and know where to dig, you should be able to get a similar amount with a days worth of effort. Much of this gold is flat and flaky and has been washed down from the hydraulic mines up above at places like Iowa Hill.
Both Colfax and Iowa Hill were important towns in the gold rush days, and millions of ounces of gold were harvested from these hills in the early days. If you come to stay and try your hand prospecting at Mineral Bar, you should set aside a little bit of time to visit both Colfax and Iowa Hill and see the historic sites there. The town of Iowa Hill is practically surrounded by large old hydraulic mines, locations where miners washed down the entire hillside to capture the gold located there. It is easy to see the hydraulic mines on both sides of the road just before it enters Iowa Hill.
Because it is so dense, gold likes to work its way down to the bedrock, and it's usually in the cracks and crevices of the bedrock that you will find the most gold. If you would like to read more information on placer mining in general, and some instructions on how to pan for gold, be sure to check out my website on gold panning located here:

Getting to Mineral Bar is not too difficult - it is about 2 miles East of the little town of Colfax, northeast of Sacramento. The map below shows what you need to know to get there. Take the Iowa Hill Road which diverges from the frontage road on the east side of I-80. It intersects the frontage road roughly a quarter mile south of the Chevron gas station. The road down is paved all the way, but it is a little steep in places and there are a couple real sharp turns. The road is not advisable for larger motor homes, but I've had no problems getting there with my trailer. It's a popular camp spot and usually nearly or completely full on weekends during the summer. Arriving early on Friday or on Monday are usually best if you want to camp. Even if the camp spots are full there is still plenty of day parking for non-campers. There are limited facilities: pit toilets only and no running water other than what is in the river (and that is not safe to drink). Even so, it has good gold and is less than an hour from the Sacramento area, a perfect place to get away from it all, a quiet spot well worth the time to stop and enjoy a visit to the area. The nearest supermarket in this area, which is also the best source for food and other goods, is located behind McDonald's in Colfax.

The Fashion And Styles For This Homecoming Season

Shopping for homecoming dresses and accessories to make you look your best.

It's that time of the year when you need to start planning and getting ready for that big day - the homecoming dance. There are so many things to do. What kind of dress should I get? What's hot and what's not? Should I wear a lot of jewelry or just a few pretty gems to match the dress? What kind of shoes should I wear? Everyone knows that it's the shoes that make the dress look hot and helps complete the outfit. The wrong pair could destroy the outfit. You also have to decide what type of hairstyle you are going to use for this homecoming. You need to think about how you want your makeup to look. There are so many things to do, so you look your best. You are probably asking yourself, "Where do I begin?"

It may seem like a lot to take in all at once, but with the help of Promgirl.net we will help walk you though it step by step, so this important part of your life will be a memory to remember.

Most girls when asked, "What type of style are you looking for this homecoming season?" Most will reply by saying, they want to look glamorous. They want a dress that looks like it would be worn by an actress walking the red carpet on the night of the Oscars.

This year, designers have passed the word around that there is no particular style that's in fashion. Designers have said that anything goes. They are no rules. Whatever is comfortable and looks good on you is in style for this season. Many popular designers being used are Alyce Designs, Mori Lee, Tiffany, Jovani and Riva Designs.

To help make things easier the first thing you want to do is decide if you want a dress that is going to stand from crowd or do you want a traditional dress, so you can blend in with the crowd. A traditional dress is usually a simple dress like a plain black or white dress.

If you chose a flamboyant dress so you can stand out form the crowd then there are some things to consider:

Fashion tips 101

Flamboyant dresses

• Reds or bright colors are good color choices if you want to stand out from the crowd.


• Don't wear too much jewelry. Flamboyant jewelry or wearing too much jewelry will take away from the dress. It could also make you look like a clown instead of a celebrity.


• Wear plain shoes. Too much glimmer will take away from the outfit.

Traditional, plain black and white dresses

• The fun thing about wearing traditional dresses is that you can have fun dressing up the outfit with accessories (jewelry, shoes, and handbags).


• Lots of stunning jewelry and accessories will make you look like an elegant and glamorous movie star.

Hair

This is your one time to shimmer, so make sure you pamper yourself by finding the right style that makes you feel glamorous. The natural look is in style. Many wear their hair down; many choose a bun or ponytail. Again, what you feel comfortable with and what looks good with your dress.

• A flamboyant dress will probably work well with a sleek sexy style that had a unique niche, so you can stand out and be your own individual.


• An elegant or traditional dress will go with anything. You can live it down, put it in a stylish ponytail or bun to give you a look of elegance.

Make- Up

• Look in the mirror and decide which of your facial features are the most stunning. Those are the features you're going to want to bring out. And if you have small eyes or lips liners for the lips and eyes are great ways to make your not so great features hot.


• Don't over do it. Natural beauty is the best way. Use colors to go with your outfit and bring out your features.


• Long, thick lashes are always a plus. Long, thick lashes make women look sexy.

The best collection of dress designers for homecoming season is put on Promgirl.net each designer dress presents its own individual personality. Promgirl.net carries the latest styles and fashions.

Our homecoming dresses have been influenced by cultures and popular styles. All at affordable prices so is sure to take advantage of these deals!

Promgirl.net guarantee's the unconditional quality of merchandise stress free ordering and shipping.
If you wish to learn more about our prom and home coming dresses go to website address

Bikinis for the Bad Girl

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Plus Size Women - 4 Tips To Shop For The Right Apparel

If you are shopping for plus size women apparel, then you might want to take note of the following tips. Remember, however, that these are only a few pointers that you might want to check out. You will learn much more about your body as you fit more clothes, and as you study what colors, cuts, and patterns suit you.

1. Do not be afraid to ask questions! Many malls will contain shops that sell plus size women apparel, and many department stores will house such a section. Ask your local sales representatives and assistants about such apparel, and don't give up if you don't find any at one mall. Keep searching, and if you do find a store that you like, don't spend all your money there. You need to have variety in your wardrobe, so look for different stores that sell different styles.

2. Go for darker, deeper colors, such as chocolate brown, navy blue, and black. Dark colors can make you appear leaner and thinner. They can also hide bulges or excess curves, especially if you use well-tailored dresses. If you must go for patterns, invest in clothes that have vertical lines, such as candy stripes, folds, and pleats. These can make you appear more slender and less bulky.

3. When shopping for plus size women apparel, make sure that you check the most common parts of your body that such apparel might not fit well on. Due to certain measurement standards, some clothes might not fit you well, and you might need to have them altered.

4. Go for the high heels! These can make you appear leaner and taller, and to some extent, they can make you feel sexier, and even walk in a certain appealing way. However, if you have back problems, go for heels that are no more than two inches tall. You don't want to damage your spine all because you want to look sexy.

Shopping for plus size women apparel need not be difficult. All you need to do is to know your body well, and to find the best clothes with the right cuts and patterns to fit you.

Adventure Travel in Peru - The Valley of the Volcanoes

I have driven from Arequipa to Cotahuasi many times and have been interested in some of the side roads that we pass. One of them has a sign that says it goes to Cabanaconde, on the rim of the Colca Canyon. Another one goes in the direction of Colca Canyon around the backside of Nevado Coropuna. I have always wondered if it is possible to drive directly to Colca Canyon from Cotahuasi, where I live, rather than going all the way around through Arequipa, which is the normal way. I have a map that shows a road there, but it also shows roads in my area that I know do not exist.

I had been told that this road doesn't exist either, but then a friend of mine, Marcio, who is a guide here, said there really is a road there. Now that I have my 4x4 van, we, along with Frank, who is doing research to update his Peru Travel Guidebook, decided to check it out and see if we could drive all the way to Chivay, at the entrance to Colca Canyon. We started in Arequipa on Friday morning, and on the way to Cotahuasi, we stopped at the Majes River Lodge, which is just a few minutes off the main road. They have a number of bungalows, a pool, outdoor eating areas, and very interestingly, a parking area that is in an old bull-fighting ring. Julio, the owner, is a major promoter of tourism in the area, and he took us to see a hillside that was covered with pre-Inca graves. Vandals and erosion have uncovered many of them and there are pieces of clothing, straw baskets, and pottery, as well as bones and even complete skulls laying all over the place. I have seen many gravesites here in Peru but none as extensive as this. Julio said there are thousands of graves, which I didn't believe, until we saw them, they are everywhere. There are also dinosaur bones and petroglyphs but we didn't take time to go see them.

We told Julio of our plans to drive from Cotahuasi to Chivay and asked him if he knew anything about the condition of the road. He mentioned a number of towns on the route, including Andahua, where we wanted to stop, and others I didn't recognize. He said the road is good to Andahua, fair to Orcopampa, and very good from there to Chivay, because there are mines in Orcopampa and they have fixed up the road. We later found out that the Reyna bus line also goes all the way to Orcopampa and the ticket agent confirmed what Julio had said about the roads.

After spending a few days in Cotahuasi, we left at 8:30 am on Tuesday, and arrived at the cutoff to Andahua two hours later. From here we were on a road that was new to us, on the high plain at just over 14,000 feet. I was surprised at the number of houses we saw near the road, which belonged to llama herders. We saw a number of both llamas and herders, walking on paths along the road. We also had a great view of the north side of Coropuna, which I had never seen before. As I looked ahead, I could see some loaded burros, and a few people walking down the road. I assumed it was some of the local herders, however as we got closer to them, it looked like they had large backpacks, like hikers or climbers would use. We could soon see that there were two gringos, a very rare sight in such a remote location. We stopped and talked to them for a few minutes, and found out that they were archeologists, doing some geological studies of Coropuna and the ancient ruins in the area.

After two more hours of driving, passing above 15,400 feet, and taking many more photos of Coropuna and other sights, we arrived at Andahua without any problems. We did have one more surprise though, we picked up a hitchhiker in the middle of nowhere, he was a schoolteacher on his way to Andahua. He teaches in a one-room school and said he has 14 students in grades one through six. He told us a lot about the area, including the fact that there wasn't a gas station in Andahua; the nearest one is in Orcopampa, about an hour and a half away. Fortunately, we have enough fuel to get there, but I still hate driving around on these roads with less than a half of a tank of fuel.

After we reached Andahua, we stopped and looked at best looking hostel, the rooms weren't too bad but the bathrooms left a lot to be desired. Although they do have fresh air, the back is wide open, facing the building next door. No one answered the door at the next hostel, which was still under construction, so we went back to the first one. After checking into the hostel, we decided to go for a hike up one of the volcanic craters outside of the village. We met a young man named Antonio, at the base of the crater, and he joined us on the hike to the summit, which is about 12,000 feet. We found out he used to live here, but now was just visiting from Arequipa. We took many more photos and were about ready to leave when Antonio took out a cell phone and to our surprise told us there was a signal there, as there was a clear line of sight down the valley to Aplao. I needed to make a call to Arequipa about my car, and just happened to have my cell phone in my daypack, so was able to make the call from there. The village does have regular phone service, but no cell phone service. I had some free minutes left on my phone, so was happy to be able to use them before they expire.

Back down in the village, we stopped at the local Internet, which had agonizingly slow satellite service for about 28 cents for 30 minutes. It was really starting to get cold by then as the sun was about to set, the village is at 11,450 feet, and it is fall here. I found a sidewalk vender selling french fries for 56 cents, which with a banana, was my dinner. While I was eating, Marcio went and looked at the other hostel that was now open, and found out that it has a very nice bathroom. At least we know for next time! It's now 7:25 and my hands are getting too cold to type much longer, but I have to quit soon anyway as the outlet in our room doesn't work and my laptop battery is almost dead. Tomorrow we plan on doing some more hiking, maybe to a waterfall, and then in the afternoon we will drive on to Orcopampa.

The restaurant selection isn't too good in Andahua, so we bought some fruit, bread and jam, and ate in our room this morning. It was cold when I got up at 6:30 but the sun rose soon after that and the sunlight coming in the window took the chill off the room. I went next door to the city office, where we had gotten some tourist brochures yesterday, to check on a guide to show us some of the sights. I met the mayor and he said one of his workers would show us around. We drove on a poor winding road, up, down, and around some craters and, then hiked down to see a waterfall. It was a very poor trail and I was thinking that it wouldn't be too popular with the average tourist, but then found out that there is a much better trail on the other side of the river. That is a longer hike, all the way from the village and we didn't have time for that, which is why he took us on the poor trail. The waterfall was nice, and quite interesting, as the water was also coming out of the mountain in various places from an old canal, which was actually a tunnel in the rocks.

The Andahua River cuts through a number of narrow and very deep slot canyons, so deep that we could hardly see the river because it was so dark at the bottom, even though it was a bright sunlit day. We crossed the canyon in one place on what looked like a natural bridge, but when we walked upstream a ways, we could see that there was an old stone bridge underneath the dirt path, which must have been 400 or more feet above the river. Actually it wasn't really dirt; most of the area is covered with fine black volcanic sand, which was very tiring to walk on. We also went to see some pre-Inca ruins, which seem to be everywhere around here.

At 3:00 in the afternoon, we left Andahua for Orcopampa, and were delighted to find out that the road was in quite good condition, in most places better than the road to Cotahuasi. For much of the way, it follows along (and once through) the Andahua River, which was now flowing through a wide flat valley, between two mountain ranges. Orcopampa is a busy mining village, and we had trouble finding a hostel with rooms available. Finally on our fourth try, we found one, supposedly with cable TVs and hot water showers, and even an enclosed garage for my car. The rooms are small and dingy, no reception on the TV, there is no water at all, not even cold, and a couple of miners tried to get the only parking spot from me (they didn't succeed), but we have beds to sleep on, so we are thankful for that.

Last night before I went to bed, I added an extra blanket from the empty bed next to me. I still got a little chilly during the night so took one more blanket and then slept better; except for when the bus honked it's horn long and loud at about 3:00 am! That's when it arrives from Arequipa and then continues on to Orcopampa. Tonight I got my sleeping bag out of the car and am using that, as we are even higher up, about 12,490 feet. We walked around for a bit and found a nice restaurant, where we had dinner. On the way back to the hostel, we passed one of the three Internet signs we had seen when we were looking for a gas station. I almost didn't stop, after the bad experience last night, but when I got close to the sign I saw that it said "Speedy", which is the telephone company's high-speed service here. It wasn't as fast as in Arequipa, but better than the dial-up service I have at home, and a huge improvement over last night.

Tomorrow we go to Chivay and Cabanaconde on the other side of Colca Canyon, and again we have received varying reports of the road's condition, from bad, due to the recent rainy season, to very good, because of the mines. The road today, which passed a mine, was in great shape for the last few kilometers into Orcopampa, so that gives us some hope for tomorrow as well, as there are many more mines along the way.

We had planned on leaving this morning (Thursday) at 7:00, and I was concerned that my car might not start because of the cold. I didn't start it until 10:00 am yesterday, after the temperature had warmed up quite a bit, and it didn't start very quickly, it took a lot of cranking. There was a good layer of ice on the water container outside when I got up at 6:15, but thankfully it did start, again after much cranking. I had planned on going back to Cotahuasi tomorrow, but have decided that I better return to Arequipa and get the cold starting problem checked. By 6:45, we were on the road, which after a climb up to the high plain, remained above 13,000 feet for the next five hours, reaching 14,980 feet at the highest point.

The road started out about the same as yesterday, fair with enough potholes and curves to keep our speed down to 25 to 40 kph most of the time. However once we got up on the high plain, it turned into a good gravel road, which was nice and wide as well. After being able to go 60 to 70 kph for a half hour or so, we came to a fork in the road. The map we have showed a road going straight and one angling off to the left. They both arrived at the same place, but the left fork was quite a bit longer.

The good road continued straight ahead, which we were going to take, but the road sign said that it went to a vicuña reserve, and the left fork went to our destination. Because the maps here are often not correct, we regretfully took the left fork, which was a much poorer road. It meandered all over the place, finally meeting up with a good road again, coming from the direction of the previous junction. Sure enough, when we looked back at the sign on that road, it said "vicuña reserve". Why the previous sign said to go around I don't know, but next time we will know better and go through the reserve on the good road. Less than an hour later, the road turned real bad, full of holes and washboard, and we were back down to 20 to 30 kph again.

A couple of hours later, I could see what looked like road construction in the distance ahead of us. It was, and when we reached there, we had to wait about 10 minutes for three dump trucks to unload and a bulldozer to spread out the gravel. After that, we were able to continue, on a much-improved road. It stayed good all the way to the bottom of Colca Canyon, where we crossed a bridge and continued on our way. However we soon realized that we were going the wrong direction, when Frank looked back at an intersection and saw a sign that said Chivay was the other way. We turned around and headed back, and soon found the correct road back on the other side of the river. There was only a sign for Chivay if you were coming from Arequipa or Cusco, there wasn't one coming from the back way like we did. We noticed this numerous times on our trip, so we got pretty good at looking back at intersections, but this one we missed.

From Orcopampa, we arrived in Chivay in about six hours and 10 minutes, which we were pleased with, considering that from what some people had told us, it could have taken much longer. Twenty minutes later, after taking our first showers since leaving Cotahuasi, we were relaxing and soaking in the popular hot springs just outside of Chivay. It really felt good after three days of dust filled driving, much of it on rough and tiring, high altitude roads. I don't think I am ready to take the trip again soon, but at least now I know that it is possible and I know the correct route.

Helpful Tips For Choosing A Tent For Your Next Camping Trip

Unlike earlier generations, a camping trip no longer has to involve sleeping in a tent. Alternative options now available include RVs, and public campsites. But there's nothing really to can compare to that camping experience than sleeping in a tent.

Here are several helpful tips on selecting a tent that will provide you will all the modern advantages, without the customary hassle.

The basic intention of a tent is to offer privacy and shelter from the elements - wind, cold, snow, and rain. Any robust tent should be capable of satisfy the first, but to guard against all weather conditions requires more.

Blustery conditions, common in wilderness regions where many campgrounds are located, can put a stern test to a tent. But in view of the latest materials used - nylon fabric tents aided by aluminium or fibreglass poles are up to the task.

The two basic types of tents are internal and external framed. The earlier is the simplest to put up, while the latter is typically slightly more strapping and wind resistant.

A zip-up flap is ideal for keeping the wind and rain out and there should a sufficient number of flaps around the bottom perimeter to tie the tent to the ground to reduce gaps.

Rain is one of the principal concerns. If you're dripping with rain, it could be a severe health hazard if the temperature plummets. At present, nylon is ruling the tent business as the acknowledged material of choice. However, not all nylon is of equal quality. It needs to have been specifically designed for tentage, to actively keep out a good downpour.

Campers ought to make liberal use of the sealant spray that is provided by most manufacturers. As you set up the tent squirt the seams with the sealant in order to make them entirely watertight. An air hold at the peak of the tent can often assist in prevent the interior from becoming stuffy, but ideally you'll want to have one with a zipper or Velcro closeable flap.

The flooring will need to be adequately waterproofed, even sturdy and if possible conducting minimal cold or heat.

Tents are sold in relation to its size and shape. However, a four man tent is generally only suitable for two adults, unless you want to be really crammed in. A typical sleeping bag at 2.5ft by 7 feet will fit most body types. That's 17.5 square feet on its own. Take into account the need for stepping space and camping gear. Then double that again to accommodate the second person. That doesn't leave much spare room.

The rounded shaped tents, often known as 'dome' or 'geodesics' look great and work well. They have the ability to distribute stress across the surface very efficiently, making them sturdy, light in weight, and simply to assemble and transport. But they are not always as desirable when it comes to interior spacing. Sleeping bags have a need to be rectangular, as are people when sleeping.

Be ready to pay out a little more to get that high quality tent for your next camping trip. Tent standards have developed to such a high status; it's often wiser to spend a little more in the knowledge that you will be getting something that will last. Just let personal taste be your guide.

Designer Accessories Are A Great Way To Improve The Way We Look

Accessories are a great way to improve the way we look and to add a touch of elegance or mystery on some occasions. The common accessories are: watches, purses, jewelry, hats, etc.

In the 17 century, accessories were very fashionable and women wore Kashmir shawls, hats and reticule handbags, which were like the purses women use today.

The handbags proved to be useful when women needed to take with them some intimate items such as lipstick or a mirror. The women were able to hide their bags in their big gowns. However, as years passed, gowns became smaller and handbags became bigger. Nowadays women use purses not only as a fashion accessory but also as a useful item. There are different purses or handbags for different occasions. Businesswomen can use a big elegant purse to keep their documents, mobile phone, note book, etc. When going to the gym people can use a sport bag to keep their towel, equipment and water. On the other hand, there are famous designer accessories that are necessary for a trendy person. Purses for special occasions, which are crested with jewels or different materials, are perfect for a woman who wants to draw attention. Designer accessories made by Fendi, Prada or Chopard are true masterpieces and people would kill to have at least one product.
As most accessory designer say, men should not be ashamed to wear a handbag because it can prove itself useful when you need to carry around many things.

Watches are trendy accessories if combined with the suitable clothes. The companies that produce watches have a great variety of products and you can buy a watch for every occasion if you have enough money. Jewelers and watchmakers combine their skill to create unique and expensive watches for special occasions when what you wear needs something suitable to complement it.

There are also sport watches designed for active people who need something strong or elegant everyday watches for business people. Usually these watches come with different characteristics but they work extremely good; just imagine what would happen to a businessperson if his watch didn't work properly.

Hats were famous in the last century and not only they protected women from sun and heat but also they contributed to a very elegant and classy look. Men also wore hats as it was necessary in that period because it was considered that a man who wore a hat was a real gentleman and same went for a true lady. Nowadays few people still wear hats and their primary use is to protect from sun in summer so their design is as simple as it can be. Boys usually wear peaked caps but never the classic hat, as it is considered old fashioned and it could not possibly match their clothing.

Many stores are selling designer accessories along with clothing. This makes it easy for anyone to find something they like but remember that accessories only complement and finish you clothing, not the other way around.

For more information on designer fashion accessories visit www.designerbrands.com.au